（五）
《性权宣言》实际上也可被视为《性自由宣言》，而《性权宣言》的发表，不过是“走向性自由的第一步”。在二十一世纪来临之际发表的《性权宣言》，传达了一种信息，代表了一种方向，体现了一种价值。从权利的视角看视性，将性权作为一种基本人权已经成为一种不可逆转的潮流。
琳·马古利斯与多雷昂·萨甘在批评西方性文化时曾指出，“西方文化一直未把性整合到文化之中，而是把它边缘化，局限于床第或者春宫文学的领域，不然就把它当作一种商品走进市场。”38这样的批评现在看来有失公允。在自由、权利作为主流话语的，《性权宣言》的发表，“性权是基本的、普适的人权”的口号，至少表明性在从文化边缘走向文化中心。西方早期的人权及后来的宪法，无不对自由推崇备至。虽然这些文献和宪法中并未出现“性自由”，但许多西方国家在刑法中规定了“对于、妨害、侵犯”性自由的犯罪。39考虑到这种情况，仍然断言“西方文化未把性整合到文化中”，显然并不确切。
相对而言，传统文化对性的整合较为成功。这除了儒家“食、色，性也”的基本人性论的贡献外，更主要的在于道家的宇宙阴阳观的贡献。对此，李约瑟中肯地指出，“由于阴阳已被普遍接受，因此在宇宙的背景下考虑人类的两性关系，并认为它确实和整个宇宙机制具有密切关系，这是十分的。”40中国文化对性持有一种比较开明的态度，性（交）自然观与性快乐思想相对发达。虽然有性羞耻感，但并没有西方那种沉重的性罪恶感。尽管中国传统文化中缺少“权利”话语，但比较起来，中国却一直在事实上处于性的相对自由状态，至少在观念意识形态领域如此。中国固然发生了一场短暂的“性的反革命”，不过，由于传统上没有沉重的性罪恶感包袱，当代中国走向性自由、性权利步伐称得上是快速的。即以而论，当今亚洲许多国家的法律仍然保留着对通奸处死刑的规定；中国在改革、开放之初已将通奸除罪化。在司法实践中，中国已经有了婚内强奸的判例，也出现了对强奸受害人给予赔偿的判例。由此可见，中国的法律条文中虽然没有出现“性自由”的字眼，但法律对性自由的保护力度还是比较有力的。当然，从道德的角度而非从权利的角度认识、理解、评价性，在当代中国仍占的优势地位，但性权意识却也在逐渐生发。对“性自由”也不象以前那样一味的漫骂、嘲讽，而是出现了较为客观、肯定的评价41。所有这些都这表明，中国在性权利、性自由的道路上，虽然还有漫漫征途，但前景一片光明。
字串2 附：declaration of sexual rights
declaration of sexual rights
sexuality is an integral part of the personality of every human being. its full development depends upon the satisfaction of basic human needs such as the desire for contact, intimacy, emotional expression, pleasure, tenderness and love. sexuality is constructed through the interaction between the individual and social structures. full development of sexuality is essential for individual, interpersonal, and societal well being. sexual rights are universal human rights based on the inherent freedom, dignity, and equality of all human beings. since health is a fundamental human right, so must sexual health be a basic human right. in order to assure that human beings and societies develop healthy sexuality, the following sexual rights must be recognized, promoted, respected, and defended by all societies through all means. sexual health is the result of an environment that recognizes, respects and exercises these sexual rights.
字串7
1. the right to sexual freedom. sexual freedom encompasses the possibility for individuals to express their full sexual potential. however, this excludes all forms of sexual coercion, exploitation and abuse at any time and situations in life.
2. the right to sexual autonomy, sexual integrity, and safety of the sexual body. this right involves the ability to make autonomous decisions about one’s sexual life within a context of one’s own personal and social ethics. it also encompasses control and enjoyment of our own bodies free from torture, mutilation and violence of any sort.
字串6
3. the right to sexual privacy. this involves the right for individual decisions and behaviors about intimacy as long as they do not intrude on the sexual rights of others.
4. the right to sexual equity. this refers to freedom from all forms of discrimination regardless of sex, gender, sexual orientation, age, race, social class, religion, or physical and emotional disability.
5. the right to sexual pleasure. sexual pleasure, including autoeroticism, is a source of physical, psychological, intellectual and spiritual well being.
字串8
6. the right to emotional sexual expression. sexual expression is more than erotic pleasure or sexual acts. individuals have a right to express their sexuality through communication, touch, emotional expression and love.
7. the right to sexually associate freely. this means the possibility to marry or not, to divorce, and to establish other types of responsible sexual associations.
8. the right to make free and responsible reproductive choices. this encompasses the right to decide whether or not to have children, the number and spacing of children, and the right to full access to the means of fertility regulation.
字串7
9. the right to sexual information based upon scientific inquiry. this right implies that sexual information should be generated through the process of unencumbered and yet scientifically ethical inquiry, and disseminated in appropriate ways at all societal levels.
10. the right to comprehensive sexuality education. this is a lifelong process from birth throughout the life cycle and should involve all social institutions.
11. the right to sexual health care. sexual health care should be available for prevention and treatment of all sexual concerns, problems and disorders.
字串2
--sexual rights are fundamental and universal human rights
adopted in hong kong at the 14th world congress of sexology, august 26, 1999
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